Hindi Literature Pdf
Books shelved as hindi-literature: गोदान by Munshi Premchand, गबन by Munshi Premchand, Nirmala by Munshi Premchand, राग दरबारी by Shrilal Shukla, and सूर. MP Samvida Shikshak Hindi Literature Syllabus, Varg 1 PDF Download MP Samvida Shikshak Hindi Literature Syllabus, Varg 1 PDF Download. MP Samvida Shikshak Bharti 2018 Notification Latest news. History Syllabus 2018 for Samvida Shala Shikshak Bharti Varg 1 pdf. MPPEB Samvida Shikshak Bharti Notification 2018 Teacher Eligibility Test.
. Hindi literature (: हिन्दी साहित्य, Hindi Sahitya) includes literature in the various which have. It is broadly classified into four prominent forms (styles) based on the date of production. They are:.
Vir-Gatha kal (poems extolling brave warriors) – 11th–14th century. kal poems (devotional poems) – 14th–18th century.
Riti or Srngar kal poems (poems of romance) – 18th–20th century. Adhunik kal (modern literature) – 20th century onwards The literature was produced in dialects such as,. From the 20th century, works produced in, a of written in the, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi. Adi kal or Vir-Gatha kal (c. 1050 to 1375) Literature of Adi kal (c.
Before the 15th century CE) was developed in the regions of, stretching up to central India., an epic poem written by (1149 – c. 1200), is considered as one of the first works in the history of Hindi literature.
Chand Bardai was a court poet of, the famous ruler of and during the invasion of. Jayachand, the last ruler of Kannauj belonging to the clan, gave more patronage to rather than local dialects. Harsha, the author of Naishdhiya Charitra, was his court poet. Jagnayak (sometimes Jagnik), the royal poet in, and Nalha, the royal poet in, were the other prominent literary figures in this period.
However, after Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat in the, most literary works belonging to this period were destroyed by the army of. Very few scriptures and manuscripts from this period are available and their genuineness is also doubted. Some and Nathpanthi poetical works belonging to this period are also found, but their genuineness is again, doubted. The Siddhas belonged to the, a later. Some scholars argue that the language of Siddha poetry is not an earlier form of Hindi, but.
Nathpanthis were who practised the. Some and Rasau (heroic poets) poetry works are also available from this period. In the region in South India, or Hindavi was used.
It flourished under the and later under the of. It was written in the script. Nevertheless, the Hindavi literature can be considered as proto-Hindi literature. Many Deccani experts like Sheikh Ashraf or Mulla Vajahi used the word Hindavi to describe this dialect. Others such as Roustami, Nishati etc.
Preferred to call it Deccani. Shah Buharnuddin Janam Bijapuri used to call it Hindi. The first Deccani author was Khwaja Bandanawaz Gesudaraz Muhammad Hasan. He wrote three prose works – Mirazul Aashkini, Hidayatnama and Risala Sehwara. His grandson Abdulla Hussaini wrote Nishatul Ishq.
The first Deccani poet was Nizami. During the later part of this period and early Bhakti Kala, many saint-poets like and became famous.
The earliest form of Hindi can also be seen in some of 's works. Bhakti kaal (c. 1375 to 1700) The medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of movement and composition of long, epic poems. Avadhi and Brij Bhasha were the dialects in which literature was developed. The main works in Avadhi are 's Padmavat and 's. The major works in Braj dialect are 's and 's.
Was also a language commonly used, especially by in his poetry and dohas. The Bhakti period also marked great theoretical development in poetry forms chiefly from a mixture of older forms of poetry. These included Verse Patterns like (two-liners), Sortha, Chaupaya (four-liners) etc. This was also the age when Poetry was characterised under the various.
Unlike the (also called the ) which was characterised by an overdose of Poetry in the Vir Rasa (Heroic Poetry), the Bhakti Yug marked a much more diverse and vibrant form of poetry which spanned the whole gamut of from Shringara rasa (love), Vir Rasa (Heroism). Bhakti poetry had two schools – the Nirguna school (the believers of a formless God or an abstract name) and the Saguna school (the believers of a God with attributes and worshippers of Vishnu's incarnations). And belong to the Nirguna school, and their philosophy was greatly influenced by the philosophy of. They believed in the concept of or the Shapeless Formless One. The school was represented by mainly poets like, and others and was a logical extension of the Dvaita and Vishishta Advaita Philosophy propounded by the likes of Madhavacharya etc.
This school was chiefly in orientation as in seen in the main compositions like, extoling. This was also the age of tremendous integration between the Hindu and the Islamic elements in the Arts with the advent of many Muslim Bhakti poets like who was a court poet to emperor and was a great devotee of Krishna. The Nirgun School of Bhakti Poetry was also tremendously secular in nature and its propounders like Kabir and Guru Nanak had a large number of followers irrespective of caste or religion. Riti-kavya kal (c. 1700 to 1900) In the Ritikavya or Ritismagra Kavya period, the erotic element became predominant in the literature.
This era is called Riti (meaning 'procedure') because it was the age when poetic figures and theory were developed to the fullest. But this emphasis on poetry theory greatly reduced the emotional aspects of poetry—the main characteristic of the Bhakti movement—and the actual content of the poetry became less important. The Saguna School of the Bhakti Yug split into two schools (Rama bhakti and Krishna bhakti) somewhere in the interregnum of the Bhakti and the Reeti Eras. Although most Reeti works were outwordly related to, their emphasis had changed from total devotion to the supreme being to the or erotic aspects of Krishna's life—his Leela, his pranks with the Gopis in, and the description of the physical beauty of and,(Krishna's Consort). The poetry of, and fit this bill.
The most well known book from this age is the of, a collection of Dohas (couplets), dealing with (devotion), Neeti (Moral policies) and Shringar (love). The first Hindi books, using the or were one Heera Lal's treatise on, called Ain e Akbari ki Bhasha Vachanika, and Rewa Mharaja's treatise on. Both books came out in 1795. Munshi 's Hindi translation of Sanskrit was published in 1809. Lala Srinivas Das published a novel in Hindi in the in 1886. Shardha Ram Phillauri wrote a Hindi novel which was published in 1888., written by in 1888, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi.
The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was, who is considered as the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Adhunik kal (c. 1900 onwards) In 1800, the established at. The College president hired professors to write books in Hindustani. Some of these books were Prem Sagar by, Naasiketopaakhyan by Sadal Mishra, Sukhsagar by Sadasukhlal of Delhi and Rani Ketaki ki kahani by Munshi Inshallah Khan.
A depiction of in an 1884 book, Indrajalakala (The Art of Magic); Jwala Prakash Press, The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was, who is considered as the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Before Premchand, the Hindi literature revolved around fairy or magical tales, entertaining stories and religious themes. Premchand's novels have been translated into many other languages. Gocharya ji authored Krishna Cahrit Manas in the poetic form describing about the full life of Lord (from birth to ). Dwivedi Yug The Dwivedi Yug ('Age of Dwivedi') in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after, who played a major role in establishing the modern Hindi language in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of the Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love.
He encouraged poetry in Hindi dedicated to nationalism and social reform. Dwivedi became the editor of in 1903, the first Hindi monthly magazine of India, which was established in 1900. He used it to crusade for reforms in the Hindi literature. One of the most prominent poems of the period was 's Bharat-bharati, which evokes the past glory of India.
's Bharatgit is another renowned poem of the period. Some scholars have labelled much of the poetry of this period as 'versified propaganda'.
According to Lucy Rosenstein: 'It is verse of public statement; its language is functional but aesthetically unappealing. Earnestly concerned with social issues and moral values, it is puritanical poetry in which aesthetic considerations are secondary. Imagination, originality, poetic sensibility and expression are wanting, the metre is restrictive, the idiom clumsy.' She adds, however, that the period was important for laying the foundations to the modern Hindi poetry and that it did reflect sensitivity to social issues of the time.
However, she also adds that the inelegance is a typical feature of a 'young' poetry, as she considers Modern Hindi. Without a poetic tradition in modern Hindi, poets often modeled their forms on Braj, and later on Sanskrit, Urdu, Bengali and English forms, often ill-suited to Hindi. The subjects of the poems tended to be communal rather than personal. Characters were often presented not as individuals but as social types. Chhayavaadi Yug In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as ( shadowism) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as Chhayavaadi., and, are the four major Chhayavaadi poets.
Poet was another great poet with some Chayavaadi element in his poetry although he wrote in other genres as well. This period of, represents the adolescence of Hindi Poetry. It is marked by beauty of expression and flow of intense emotion.
The four representative poets of this era represent the best in Hindi Poetry. A unique feature of this period is the emotional (and sometimes active) attachment of poets with national freedom struggle, their effort to understand and imbibe the vast spirit of a magnificent ancient culture and their towering genius which grossly overshadowed all the literary 'talked abouts' of next seven decades. Other important genres of Adhunik Sahitya (Modernism) are: Prayogvad (Experimentalism) of and the Tar Saptak poets, also known as Nayi Kavita (New Poetry) and Nayi Kahani (New Story) of and others; followed by Pragativad (Progressivism) of and other authors. Nakenwad Among the numerous schools of poetry which sprang up in the fifties of this century was Nakenwad, a school deriving its nomenclature from the first letters of the names of its three pioneers –, and all poets of note in their own right.
Apart from being poets, Nalin Vilochan and Kesari Kumar were also brilliant critics, with a wide perspective on literary history. Their critical attitude is marked by a synthesis or coordination of various disciplines of human knowledge – philosophy, history, art and culture, all pressed into the service of literary appraisal and analysis.
Genres of Hindi Literature Hindi Kavita (Poetry) Hindi has a rich legacy of poetry. There are several genres of based on e.g. Shringar, Karun, Veer, etc. Hasya Kavita is humorous comic poetry in Hindi. It is particularly famous due to Hindi. Is children's rhymes in Hindi. Many attempts have been made to document Hindi poetry.
Some of the most comprehensive online collections for Hindi poetry are. The most classy content that has created new audiences who were not looking for Hindi poetry or Hindi content is.
This movement started in 2014 by has generated an entirely new market and brought many projects to the fore. Many award-winning poets, scholars, journalists and celebrities from Film, Television and Theatre have come forward to support the cause and take it further. Vyangya (Hindi Satire) The rhetoric of satire is called in Hindi. Vyangya writings includes the essence of sarcasm and humour. Some of the better known writers in this genre are, (Hindi: हरिशंकर परसाई) (August 22, 1924 – 1995) was a Hindi writer. He was a noted satirist and humorist of modern Hindi literature and is known for his simple and direct style., etc.
Hindi travel literature , and were some of the great Indian writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the Hindi ( Yatra Vritanta). Was one of the greatest travelled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He is known as the ( 'Father of Hindi ').
Was a major Hindi and Maithili poet who has also penned a number of novels, short stories, literary biographies and travelogues, and was known as (' Janakavi- the People's Poet'). Hindi playwriting The pioneer of as well as playwrighting, wrote Satya Harishchandra (1875), Bharat Durdasha (1876) and Andher Nagari (1878), in the late 19th century, became the next big figure in Hindi playwriting with plays like Skanda Gupta (1928), Chandragupta (1931) and Dhruvswamini (1933). As the Independence struggle was gathering steam playwrights broaching issues of nationalism and subversive ideas against the British, yet to dodge censorship they adapted themes from mythology, history and legend and used them as vehicle for political messages, a trend that continues to date, though now it was employed to bring out social, personal and psychological issues rather than clearly political, though street theatre broke this trend in coming decades in post-independence era, like IPTA-inspired, Naya Theatre of did in the 1950s–90s, of did in the 1970s–80s. Post-independence the emerging republic threw up new issues for playwrights to tackle and express, and Hindi playwriting showed greater brevity and symbolism, but it was not as prolific as in case with Hindi poetry or fiction. Yet we have playwrights like ( Konark) and ( Anjo Didi), who displayed a steadily evolving understanding of stagecraft. These were followed another generation of pioneers in Hindi playwrighting, who started with (1958), Adhe Adhure and Lehron Ke Rajhans, who wrote, and other playwrights like,.
Hindi essay-writing is one of the writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the form of essay-writing. His collections of essays Gandha Madan, Priya neel-kanti, Ras Aakhetak, Vishad Yog, Nishad Bansuri, Parna mukut have enormously enriched the form of essay. A scholar of and, he was proud of Indian heritage. His love for natural beauty and Indian and preference for agricultural society over the age of machines, his romantic outlook, aesthetic sensibility, his keen eye on contemporary reality and classical style place him very high among contemporary essayists in. Prominent figures. (1148–1191), author of first to write in khari boli.
(1253–1325 AD), author of pahelis and mukris in the 'Hindavi' dialect. (1352–1448), a prominent poet of Eastern dialects. (1398–1518), a major figure of the (devotional) movement.
Hindi Literature Pdf
(1467–1583) author of, Sur Sagar etc. (1477–1542) author of the (1540) etc. (1504–1560) author of Mira Padavali etc. (1532–1623) author of. (1555–1617) author of Rasikpriya etc.
(1595–1664) became famous by writing (Seven Hundred Verses). (1669–1708) author of Bichitra Natak etc. (1823–1913) was a revered saint of udasi sect and known for piety and Hindi poetry, who composed about 50 kavya-granthas and thousands of padas, who is known as Bhismpita of the Hindi poetry. (1850–1885), whose works are compiled in Bharatendu Granthavali. (1861–1913) author of etc. (1880–1936), considered one of the greatest Hindi novelists of all time.
(1886–1964), pioneer of poetry. (1888–1963): an eminent critic, philosopher and essay writer, known for his biography Meri Asafaltaein. (1889–1937), stalwart of the literary movement called.
(1889–1950), books on peasant movement and the nationalist struggle, autobiography(mera jeevan sangharsh) and many others. (1893–1963), widely travelled scholars of India. (1893–1983). (1899–1961)., (1900–1977) eminent Hindi poet who wrote mainly on nature.
(b. 1954), Poet, Writer. (1903–1976), author of Jhutha Sach.
(1905–1988), An extremely influential figure in 20th-century Hindi literature. (1907–1979).
(1907–1987), one of the 'four pillars' of the Chhayavada movement. (1908–1974), hailed as a Rashtrakavi. (1914–1992) writer and critic of Hindi literature and poetry. (1921–1977) freedom fighter, socialist, his best work considered to be Maila Anchal.
(1925–1994) freedom fighter, journalist, eminent poet and novelist. (1922–1995), known for satirical works. (1922–2000), Poet. (1925–2007), Urdu, Hindi writer 'Koltar main aks'. (1926–1997), a renowned Hindi writer and editor. (b. 1927).
(1929–1967) poet, short story writer, novelist, critic. (1929–1990) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist. (1929–2005), one of the founders of the Nai Kahani (new short story) school. (1930–1979), poet, critic, journalist and an Indian Police Service officer of Bihar.
(1933-1975), prominent Hindi poet snd composer of ghazals. (b. 1940) known for his plays, satires, short stories and novels. (b. 1951), a renowned modern Hindi writer and Police Superintendent.
1955) short story writer, playwright, drama critic. Pioneer of modern Hindi theatre in Bihar. 1964), Hindi poet, currently based in Britain.
(b. 1944), Hindi novelist, short story writer and awardee. (b. 1936), Hindi writer and awardee. (1932-2007) author of, and awardee Eminent Hindi journalists. This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
( February 2011) Durgaprasad Mishra Born in Kashmir, he came to Calcutta and started Bharat Mitra in 1878. In 1879, he began another weekly magazine- Saar Sudhanidhi but it closed down in that same year. On 17 August 1880, he started a 3rd weekly- Ucchit Vakta- meaning Right or Best Time. Ucchit Vakta focused on spreading the truth (about the British Raj) and fighting for justice.
It became very popular for many years. Mishra underwent a lot of difficulties trying to bring out a critical publication at the time of the British Raj. At times he was the editor, writer and also sold the paper himself. He was an inspiration for many journalists, particularly Bal Mukund Gupta. Dharmvir Bharati Born on 25 December 1926, graduated in BA (first class) in 1945 and in 1947 completed his MA in Hindi literature (first class) and finally did his PhD from Allahabad University. For some time he was principal of Allahabad University.
Students must first be taught to draw a distinction between the author and the narrator, to distinguish between dialogue and narration, and to recognize pronoun case. But, much like the task of, we teachers are constantly scaffolding students up to these higher levels. Osse common core standards. By the end of this point of view unit, students should be able to accurately determine the perspective of the narrator in any given text: first-person, second-person, third-person objective, third-person limited, or third-person omniscient. This understanding can lead to higher level discussions and analyses: we can question the reliability of the narrator; conduct psychoanalytical, Marxist, or feminist critiques on the narrator and what he or she chooses to reveal or not reveal; and we can re-imagine the story from the perspective of other characters.
He began his journalist career in Abhyudaya, a journal by Padmakant Malviya. He then joined Sangam, edited by Ilachand Joshi and then became editor of Dharmayug. Thanks to Bharati, this journal became very popular. During the 1971 war, Bharati reported from the frontlines of the battle.
He covered all the horrors of the war. His series of reports, the finest in Hindi war journalism, were published under the title of 'Yudh Yatra'. As an honest and dedicated reporter, Bharati was unrivaled. After the war, he became editor of 2 more journals- Aalochana and Nikarshak. Bharati was also famous as a short story writer, poet, essayist and novelist. The best known of his works are 'Band Galli ka Aakhiri Makaan', 'Andha Yug', 'Kunpriya'. Bharatendu Harishchandra began his career as a journalist at the age of 17.
Published Kavi Vachan Sudha (1867) a monthly dedicated to ancient and medieval poetry. Published Harishchandra Magazine in 1873 – a general interest magazine.
Published Bala Bodhini from 1874 – for women and young girls. KVS was acknowledged to be the finest literary journal in any Indian language of that time, and was on par with the best of English journals. Bharatendu kept the journal up until his death 1885.
Because of his extraordinary achievements, he is considered the most prolific Hindi journalist. Madan Mohan Malaviya was born in 1861 in Allahabad to a Brahmin family. From 1885 to 1887 was the editor of Indian Opinion. He was a strong supporter of the Congress. He helped launch the newspaper Dainik Hindustan and was its editor from 1887 to 1889.
He was a close friend of many eminent Hindi writers like Gopalram Gehmari, Amrutlal Chakravarty and Pandit Pratap Narayan Mishra. Along with Bal Mukund Gupta, he launched an Urdu journal 'Kohinoor' from Lahore. In those days, Gupta was not a facile Hindi scholar, but under Malviya's training, Gupta became editor of Bharat Mitra. In 1908, Malviya founded a new revolutionary journal Abhyudaya from Prayag. The renowned writer was a frequent contributor to it.
After Abhyudaya, Malviya founded a monthly magazine 'Maryada', in 1909 he founded a daily 'Leader' and later on another daily – 'Bharat'. Malviya was a great patriot and his love for his country was seen in all of his writings. He also contributed to Aaj, and helped to found the Hindustan Times in 1933, along with its Hindi counterpart Hindustan. Babu Gulabrai (17 January 1888 – 13 April 1963) (pen name: Gulabrai MA) was one of the greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature. See also. 1 June 2012 at the.
25 September 2006 at the. ^ Lucy (aka 'Ludmila') Rosenstein, editor, translator, author of the, New Poetry in Hindi: Nayi Kavita: An Introduction, Anthem Press, 2004,., President's Secretariat. 25 December 2013. Retrieved 2014-09-19. ^ Lal, Mohan (1992).
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. ^ Datta, Amaresh Dattal (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. Bibliography.
Dr. Nagendra (1988). Prabhat Prakashan. Diana Dimitrova (2004). Amaresh Datta (2006).
Sahitya Akademi. Further reading. Hindi Literature, by Ram Awadh Dwivedi. Published by Hindi Pracharak Pustakalaya, 1953. A History of Hindi literature, by K. Published by Kitab Mahal, 1955. Hindi Literature from Its Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century, by Ronald Stuart McGregor.
Published by Harrassowitz, 1984. Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, by Ronald Stuart McGregor.
Published by Harrassowitz, 1974. A New Voice for New Times: The Development of Modern Hindi Literature, by Ronald Stuart McGregor.
Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1981. An Encyclopaedia of World Hindi Literature, by Ganga Ram Garg. Published by Concept Pub. External links has the text of the article.
Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. And Dakhni Hindi. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi. Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.
The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter- relationship.
Hindi Books In Pdf
Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi. History of Hindi Literature. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature. Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.
Prominent poets – Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati. Bhaktikal – Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Prominent Poets – Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi. Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.
Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand. Adhunik Kal a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal. Prominent Writers: Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets: Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun. Katha Sahitya A. Upanyas & Realism B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels. Prominent Novelists: Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani. The origin and development of Hindi short story.
Prominent short Story Writers: Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shobti. Drama & Theatre A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama. Prominent Dramatists: Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh. The development of Hindi Theatre. The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
Prominent critics: Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatravrittant. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Hindi) This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.
Kabir: Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.) 2. Surdas: Bhramar Gitsar, Ed.
Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas) 3. Tulsidas: Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand). Jayasi: Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand) 5. Bihari: Bihari Ratnakar Ed.
Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas) 6. Maithili: Bharat Bharati Sharan Gupta 7. Prasad: Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg) 8. Nirala: Rag-Virag, Ed.
Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta). Dinkar: Kurushetra 10. Agyeya: Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina) 11.
Muktiboth: Brahma Rakshas 12. Nagarjun: Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha. Bharatendu: Bharat Durdasha 2. Mohan Rakesh: Ashad Ka Ek Din 3.
Ramchandra Shukla: Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Hai Shraddha Aur Bhakti) 4. Satyendra: Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai. Premchand: Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha – Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Prasad: Skandgupta 7. Yashpal: Divya 8.
Phaniswar Nath Renu: Maila Anchal 9. Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoj 10. Rajendra Yadav: Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories) Additional Links:.